Bolivia .
In un’intervista, il ministro degli Esteri ed expert in Andean world view, Davis Choquehuanca, explains the main aspects of this project which has as its central focus the life and nature. The
Vivir Bien, the model that seeks to implement the government of Evo Morales, may be briefly summed up as living in harmony with nature, taking the principles of the ancestral cultures of the region that the human being is at the second place environmental habitat.
Minister David Choquehuanca, one of the scholars Aymaras of this model and an expert on Andean cosmic vision, explained the details of these principles recognized in Article 8 of the Political Constitution of the State (the acronym CPE Bolivian NDT): "We want to return to live well, which means that starting to value our history, our music, our clothes, our culture, our language, our natural resources, and thereafter will recover all that is ours and we will return to be who we were. "
Article 8 of the EPC states that "The state assumes and promotes ethical and moral principles as a plural society: qhilla loves, loves Llull, loves Suwa (not to be weak, do not be a liar, not a thief), suma qamaña ( live well), ñandereko (harmonious life), Teko Kavi (good life), there maraei (land without evil) qhapaj nan (or noble life path). The Minister ha sottolineato la sua distanza dal socialismo
e ancor più dal capitalismo in quanto il primo cerca di soddisfare le necessità dell’uomo mentre invece per il secondo ciò che più conta è il denaro ed il plusvalore. Secondo Choquehuanca il Vivir Bien è un processo appena iniziato e che poco a poco si intensificherà. Per noi che apparteniamo alla cultura della vita ciò che più importa non è il denaro né l’oro e nemmeno l’uomo (che è invece all’ultimo posto). Ciò che invece importa sono i fiumi, l’aria, le montagne, le stelle, le formiche, le farfalle […]. L’uomo per noi è all’ultimo posto; ciò che più importa è la vita.
Nelle culture;
Aymara : Anticamente chi popolava le comunità Aymara in Bolivia, aspirava a diventare quamiris (persone che vivono bene).
Quechuas : Allo stesso modo, le persone appartenenti a questa cultura aspiravano ad essere qhapaj (gente che vive bene). Un benessere che, però, non è quello economico.
Guaraníes : Il guaraní aspira sempre ad essere una persona in armonia con la natura sperando di poter divenire un giorno iyambae.
Il Vivir Bien dà priorità alla natura piuttosto che all’uomo.
Sono queste le caratteristiche che lentamente Multicountry implement the new state.
Priority life.
Vivir Bien means to live in a community where all who are part of care for all. What matters most is not the man (as defined socialism) or money (as stated in capitalism), but life. It seeks a life easier. The aim is to create harmony between nature and life with the sole aim of saving the planet and give priority to humanity.
consensual agreement.
Vivir Bien is consensus between all the meaning che, a prescindere dalle differenze tra le persone, nel momento in cui ci si confronta è possibile raggiungere un punto neutrale che coinvolga tutti senza provocare conflitti. “Non siamo contro la democrazia ma cercheremo di analizzarla a fondo perché democrazia significa anche sottomissione e sottomettere il prossimo non è vivere bene”, ha spiegato il ministro David Choquehuanca.
Rispettare le differenze .
Vivir Bien significa rispettare l’altro, saper ascoltare senza discriminazione o sottomissione chiunque desideri parlare. Non si parla di tolleranza, ma di rispetto e, benché ogni cultura e ogni regione abbia il suo proprio punto di vista, per vivere bene e in armonia è necessario rispettare tali differenze. Si tratta di una dottrina che coinvolge tutti gli esseri che abitano questo pianeta, comprese le piante e gli animali.
Vivere in complementarietà.
Vivir Bien è dare priorità alla complementarietà, il che significa che tutti gli esseri umani del pianeta devono essere complementari all’altro. Nelle comunità il bambino è complementare all’anziano, l’uomo alla donna, ecc. L’esempio esposto dal ministro è quello dell’uomo che non deve uccidere le piante in quanto complementari alla sua esistenza e di supporto alla sua sopravvivenza.
Equilibrio with nature.
Vivir Bien is to lead a life in harmony with all beings in a community. As for democracy, justice is also a concept to be excluded because, according to Minister David Choquehuanca, takes into account only the people within a community and not what is rather more important: life and the harmony of man with nature. That is why the Vivir Bien aspires to a fair and inclusive life.
Defending identity.
Vivir Bien is to enhance and restore their own identity. In this new model, the identity of the people is much more important than dignity. Identity is fully enjoy a life based on those values \u200b\u200bthat have stood for over 500 years (from the English conquest), which were inherited from those families and those communities who have lived in harmony with nature and with the entire cosmos.
One of the main objectives of Vivir Bien is to recover the unity between all peoples.
Foreign Minister, David Choquehuanca, said that even knowing how to eat, drink, dance, communicate and work are among the key issues.
Accept the differences.
Vivir Bien is to respect the similarities and differences between the creatures that inhabit the same planet. Goes far beyond the simple concept of diversity. "There is unity in diversity, but the concept of similarity and difference, because when it comes to just talking about diversity of people," said the minister. This concept means that similar or different beings should never hurt.
Giving priority to the rights cosmic.
Vivir Bien is to give priority to the rights cosmic rather than human rights. When the government talks about climate change, also refers to the cosmic right (to ensure the Minister of Foreign Affairs). "That's why the President Evo Morales says will be more important to talk about rights of Mother Earth rather than human rights. "
Knowing how to eat.
Vivir Bien is being able to eat, how to combine the appropriate foods according to the seasons of the year (seasonal foods). The Foreign Minister, David Choquehuanca, said this aspect should be dealt with in accordance with the practices of their ancestors who used to eat only one specific product for a full season. Stresses that eating well guarantees our health.
know how to drink.
Vivir Bien is being able to drink alcohol in moderation. Nelle comunità indigene ogni festa ha un suo significato e l’alcool è presente nelle cerimonie ma, ciò nonostante, lo si consuma con moderazione senza esagerare o recar danno a qualcuno. “Dobbiamo saper bere; nelle nostre comunità esistevano vere e proprie feste legate alle varie stagioni, ma non significa entrare in un locale, avvelenarsi di birra e uccidere i nostri neuroni”.
Saper danzare.
Vivir Bien è saper danzare, non semplicemente saper ballare. La danza è legata ad alcuni eventi concreti come la raccolta o la semina. Le comunità continuano ad onorare la Pachamama con la danza e con la musica soprattutto nei periodi legati all’agricoltura; dances originating in the city are considered expressions of folklore. In the new doctrine will renew the real meaning of the dance.
ability to work.
Vivir Bien is to consider the work a party. "The work is happiness for us," said Minister David Choquehuanca, who points out that, unlike capitalism in which workers are paid, the new model of multinational state recovers the theory of labor as ancestral party. It is a way to grow and we are working in indigenous cultures from an early age.
Recover Abya laya.
Vivir Bien is promote the idea that people come together in one big family. For the minister, this implies that all regions of the country to reconstitute in what is, ancestrally, was considered a great community. "This concept should extend to all countries and that is why we consider a good sign that all the heads of state are trying to unite all the people and go back to being the Laya Abya a time."
Restoring agriculture.
Vivir Bien agriculture is to reintegrate into the community. Part of the new doctrine of state multi-country and retrieve the forms of coexistence within the community as working the land and the cultivation of those products that can cover the basic needs for sustenance. Land will be donated to the community so that it is delivering local economies.
Knowing how to communicate.
Vivir Bien is able to communicate. The new state Multicountry wants to recover the communication that existed in the ancestral community. Dialogue is the result of this good communication mentioned by the minister. "We need to communicate how our ancestors once did, solving problems without conflict. We can not lose this ability. " The
Vivir Bien does not mean "better life", as proposed by capitalism
Among the rules laid down by the new state model Multicountry include: social control, reciprocity and respect for women and the elderly.
social control.
Vivir Bien is to create a mandatory inspection of the inhabitants of a community. Minister Choquehuanca said that "it is a control other than that proposed by the Movement de Participación Popular, which has been rejected by some communities because it reduces the real participation of the people." In the past, "controlled all the main functions of the authority."
Working in reciprocity.
Vivir Bien è recuperare nelle comunità il concetto di reciprocità. Tra le popolazioni indigene questa pratica è detta ayni, niente di più che la restituzione, sotto forma di lavoro, dell’aiuto prestato da una famiglia in un'attività agricola come la semina o la raccolta. “Si tratta di uno dei tanti princìpi e dei codici che ci garantiscono equilibrio di fronte alle grandi siccità”, spiega il ministro degli Esteri.
Non rubare e non mentire.
Vivir Bien è basarsi nel “ama sua y ama qhilla” (non rubare e non mentire in lingua quechua). È uno dei precetti inclusi nella nuova Costituzione Bolivian state policy that the President has promised to respect. Similarly, the minister is essential that these principles among the community are met in order to achieve well-being and confidence among its inhabitants. "They are all codes to be followed in order to live well in the future."
protect the seeds.
Vivir Bien is to protect and preserve the seeds for future transgenic products is avoided. The book "Vivir Bien, in response to the global crisis" of the Bolivian Court specifies that one of the characteristics of this new model is to preserve the ancestral wealth through the creation of agricultural banks seeds that avoid the use of transgenic products that increase productivity, it is a chemical mixture that can damage and destroy the seeds of a thousand years old.
Respect women.
Vivir Bien is to respect the woman because she represents the Pachamama, Mother Earth, capable of generating life and take care of all its fruit. On those grounds, the communities, a woman is valued and is present in all life-oriented activities, education and revitalization of culture. Those living in indigenous communities consider women as the basis of social organization as it is she who sends his children the knowledge of its culture.
living well is not better.
Vivir Bien does not mean "better life", a concept generally associated with capitalism. For the new doctrine of the multinational, better living is reflected in the word selfishness, disregard for others, individuality and unique interest in profit. The new doctrine considers that an advocate of capitalist exploitation of persons for the sole purpose of enriching the few, mind Vivir Bien looks at a simpler life can sustain a balanced production.
Recovering resources.
Vivir Bien is to recover the natural wealth of their country and allow all to benefit from this wealth in a balanced and fair. The purpose of the doctrine of Vivir Bien is also to nationalize strategic companies and recover the land in balance and co-existence between man and nature as opposed to an irrational exploitation of natural resources. "First priority should be given to nature," the minister added.
exercise sovereignty.
Vivir Bien is to exercise national sovereignty from the Community. According to the book "Vivir Bien response to crisi globale” questo significa che raggiungeremo la sovranità attraverso un consenso comunale capace di definire e di costruire unità e responsabilità a favore del bene comune e senza esclusione alcuna. In questo stesso contesto si ricostruiranno comunità e nazioni, allo scopo di istituire una società sovrana che governi in armonia con l’individuo, con la natura e con il cosmo.
Fare buon uso dell’acqua.
Vivir Bien è distribuire l’acqua in modo razionale e fare di questo bene un uso corretto. Il ministro degli Esteri sostiene che l’acqua è il latte degli esseri che abitano il pianeta. “Abbiamo tanto: risorse naturali, acqua… France, for example, has neither the amount of water or the amount of land that holds our country, yet there is no Landless Movement. We must appreciate what we have and preserve it as much as possible, which means living well. "
Listening to the elderly.
Vivir Bien is reading the wrinkles of the elderly to continue his journey. The minister argues that older communities are a major source of knowledge as custodians of history and tradition that are lost with the passing years. "Our seniors are walking libraries and therefore we must always learn from them," he says. That is why in the indigenous communities of the country's elderly are respected and consulted.
Translated by Silvia Dammacco
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